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Secret History Of Clerkenwell Spa Fields

Visiting Clerkenwell today you might find yourself passing by the Spa Fields Park.  It is a small area of green behind the Exmouth Market. As you come through the gate you will notice a plate informing you about the place's past. It states that where you're standing now used to be a mass graveyard nearly 200 years ago. The plate gives a hint that something was wrong with this place and it took me some time to get to the bottom of it.

At that time it was normal practice for people to be buried close to their homes. London was riddled with cemeteries, every parish church would have a small one within its grounds. I decided to ask Mark Aston, a local historian from the Islington Library to explain what it was like to live among the dead.

He said: “People wanted to be buried close to home. Not just for personal, but also for financial reasons. I would imagine that the smell in general, let alone from the cemeteries, would have been unbearable. I once read somewhere that if we went back in time then we just couldn't get used to the smell. Not just from the rotting bodies, but from general lack of hygiene and dirt on unwashed streets, especially with horses providing almost all the transport.”

Spa Fields became a notorious burial ground in the late 18th and early 19th century. In 1777 the land around the Spa Fields Chapel was leased to the Marquis of Northampton. He then turned the acquired two acres into a graveyard. It was calculated that the land could offer a decent interment to around 2,722 adults. But over 50 years of its existence more than 80,000 people were buried here. The question which springs to mind straight away is: How do you bury so many in such small space?

A dismissed gravedigger, Reuben Room gave this account of his work when questioned by a local magistrate in 1843: “Our mode of working the ground was not commencing at one end and working to the other, but digging wherever it was ordered, totally regardless wether the ground was full or not. For instance, to dig a grave seven feet deep, at a particular spot, I have often disturbed and mutilated seven or eight bodies - that is, I have severed heads, arms, legs, or whatever came in my way, with a crowbar, pickaxe, chopper and saw. I have had as much as one hundredweight and a half of human flesh on what we term the “beef board”. I have often put a rope round the neck of the corpse to drag it out of the coffin. The coffins were taken away and burnt, with pieces of decomposed flesh adhering thereto. I have been up to my knees in human flesh, by jumping on the bodies so as to cram them into the least possible space at the bottom of graves.” His statement was also sent to Sir James Graham, who was then a Home Secretary.

Ironically Mr Room had buried his daughter at Spa Fields and after his dismissal he insisted on having her body moved to a different cemetery. When police officers arrived at the cemetery to prevent him from doing so, they witnessed coffins being burnt in a fire in an outhouse with remains of human bodies still visible in some of them.

It may read like a horror book, but that was a reality at many burial grounds in London at the time. Mr Aston once again helped me understand how the residents would react to such atrocities.

“It was fairly common practice that the dead would be buried in very shallow graves. In some cases after a heavy rain the bodies would actually be washed to the surface. I supposed those living nearby would be so used to it, that they would just turn a blind eye on what was happening. Bear in mind that a regular person just couldn't afford a proper  funeral.”

In Clerkenwell the fight to stop these abominal practices was led by doctor G. A. Walker, who belonged to the Society for the Abolition of Burials in Towns. He organised several petitions directed at the Islington Council. One of those was signed by over 500 of local residents and was eventually presented to the House of Commons in 1843. It stated: “The petitioners are forced to complain of, and are constantly annoyed by the disgusting practices employed in the Spa Fields burial ground. That many of your petitioners have witnessed the most shameful mutilations of the dead.”

The removal of the dead from under the ground at Spa Fields wasn't the only complaint. People were also reporting that the disgusting smell coming from its direction was making them sick.

There were four outbreaks of cholera in England between 1831 and 1853. Many concluded at the time that inner city burial grounds were one of the reasons for the spread of the deadly disease. It was thought unhygienic to bury people in urban areas.

Hence on 20th of august 1853 a new Burial Act was signed into law. It stated that: “...burials in any city or town, or within any other limits, or in any burial grounds or places of burial, should be wholly discontinued.”

It sparked an end to the business at Spa Fields graveyard, which was noted in a local Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper on 25th September 1853. The land was purchased from its owner in 1885 at a nominal rate and turned into a children's playground. Before that could happen bodies had to be moved to burial grounds outside of London. Though it is fair to say that there are probably many which still remain underneath the green grass of the park. Mr Aston adds that such a change would not happen right away.

“It took around 30 years for most little burial grounds to be changed into ‘leisure gardens'. A whole generation woud have passed on by the time these places became parks. In general this was seen as a social improvements by the local councils.”

The example of Spa Fields shows you that even most innocuous places can have a great story hidden in their past.

About the Author

I traded Michael Turner away for Earnest Graham?

I traded Michael Turner away in my fantasy football league this past week. It was a risky move but I think it will work out for me in the long run. Michael Turner has gone up against all the "easy" defenses on the falcons schedule already at home. But when he is away at a tough defense like the Bucs or the Panthers it looks like they are stopping him to easy. Also once Atlanta starts losing games they are going to freak out and start passing the ball like crazy trying to win games, and Turner won't get any carries. Also Earnest Graham runs over people like crazy. I know Graham is sharing carries with Dunn but Graham averages 5.5 yards per carry. He also usually breaks a 60 yarder down the field each game. So I think I got the better deal. What do you think?

Really isn't it too late to get confirmation of the choice?
If you feel good about, then that's all that matters.

Fields - 09 - The Eagle

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